Although both methods are effective, they also have significant side effects, preventing patients from obtaining high-quality life assurance. In recent years, research has found that the main risk factors are classified into the following categories: (1) Aging (the incidence of breast cancer is highly correlated with increasing age) (2) Reproductive factors (such as early menarche, late menopause, late age at first pregnancy and low parity) (3) Dietary factors (including alcohol consumption, intake of soy products, dietary habits, etc.) (4) drug effects (including oral contraceptives, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, exogenous estrogens, etc.) and (5) genetic factors ( 2).Ĭurrently, the most common treatment for breast cancer is surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy (Such as taxanes, anthracyclines, and cyclophosphamide, gemcitabine, cisplatin, etc.). Thus, breast cancer is a serious threat to women's health and its risk factors have also been a hot topic. Breast cancer is the cancer with the highest incidence rate among women in the world ( 1), accounting for about 46.3% of the overall cancer incidence rate and 13.0% of the mortality rate. With the changing disease structure and the aging trend of the population, the global burden of cancer has become increasingly prominent. Meanwhile, when it is combined with paclitaxel, Ad-VT could play a significant role in a synergistic tumor inhibition.Ĭancer is one of the most important public health problems in the world. Ad-VT can also inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells and promote their apoptosis. Combination of Ad-VT and paclitaxel can inhibit tumor growth and reduce toxicity in vivo. The combination of Ad-VT and paclitaxel could significantly increase the inhibition of breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Ad-VT had a strong apoptosis-inducing effect on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, that was mainly mediated through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. This combination treatment can increase the inhibition of breast cancer cells and reduce paclitaxel toxicity. The in vivo tumor inhibition effect of Ad-VT and paclitaxel combination treatment was subsequently confirmed using a tumor-bearing nude mouse model. The pGL4.51 plasmid was used to transfect and to generate MDA-MB-231 cells, that stably express luciferase (MDA-MB-231-LUC). We also used Transwell assays to analyze the cell migration and invasion of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Subsequently, we used Hoechst, Annexin V, JC-1 staining to analyze the inhibition pathway of drugs on breast cancer cells. Second, we used crystal violet staining and WST-1 assays to analyze the inhibitory effect of Ad-VT and paclitaxel combination treatment on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-10A cells.
First, we used the Calcusyn software to analyze the synergy between the Ad-VT and paclitaxel, and to determine the final drug concentration. This study aimed at investigating the anticancer potential of the recombinant adenovirus Ad-apoptin-hTERTp-E1a (Ad-VT) and its synergistic combination with paclitaxel (PTX) in breast cancer treatment. 6Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.5Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.4Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Offices Administration, Central Military Commission, Beijing, China.3Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.2Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, China.1Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.Jing Wang 1, Yiquan Li 2,3, Shanzhi Li 2,3, Wei Yao 4, Xing Liu 3,5, Yilong Zhu 2,3, Wenjie Li 2,3, Liankun Sun 1 *, Ningyi Jin 2,3,6 * and Xiao Li 2,3,6 *